News by Levels · Level 3 · For teachers
Teacher guide & answers
In this lesson: Distinguish adjusted observational evidence from causal proof.
Park Study Finds an Association With Limits
How to use these two pages
Give learners the student worksheet. It contains the story and questions, without the answers. Keep this guide for yourself. Use it to lead the activity and explain the answers afterwards.
Student worksheetA simple 15–20-minute lesson
- Before reading · 2 minutes
Show the title. Ask: “What do you think this story is about?”
- Read and answer · 8–10 minutes
Give out the student worksheet. Learners read for the main idea, then reread to answer the 2 questions. They can compare answers with a partner.
- Discuss and write · 5–8 minutes
Check the answers below together. Ask learners to point to the clue in the story, then finish with the open question.
Adjust the support: Let learners use word help or Level 1 if needed. For a challenge, compare the wording in another level. This activity is not a proficiency test.
Answers to the 2 questions
The question numbers match the student worksheet. Each answer includes a reason and the clue learners can find in the story.
Which factor did the analysis account for?
Correct answer: C — Family adversity
Why: The second paragraph specifically includes family adversity.
Clue in the story: The analysis accounted for factors including family adversity. It remains an observational association, and more research is needed before generalising the results to children in other communities.
What remains necessary before generalising?
Correct answer: B — More research in other communities
Why: The final sentence calls for more research before applying the result broadly.
Clue in the story: The analysis accounted for factors including family adversity. It remains an observational association, and more research is needed before generalising the results to children in other communities.
The open question: accept different answers
Ask learners: Give a cautious account of the study’s contribution.
One possible answer: The observational study linked more frequent park visits with better social-emotional development and accounted for factors including family adversity. It does not prove causation, and further research is needed before generalising to other communities.
This is an example, not the only correct answer. Look for a relevant idea, a reason and the learner’s own words. Learners can answer aloud or write one or two sentences.
Grammar to discuss
Adjustment for other influences
accounted for factors
Accounted for means included relevant factors in the analysis. It does not mean all possible confounding was removed.